JFK-TLV arrives TLV around 1735 and departs TLV around 2335, so I think it sits for more like 6 hours, not 2.5, but even TLV-based mechanics should be able to change a tyre in 2.5 hours (or 6 hours) and should still have had sufficient time to torque the bolts to the required specs.
Apparently, you didn't read the article, either, which discloses that about 10 departures occurred after the DL flight and before the officials noticed the debris on the runway.
Had another AF 4590 disaster occurred, I wonder if Israeli law would excuse DL due to TLV officials ignoring the ground-debris radar warning? It would still have been DL's debris but the proximate cause of the disaster would have been the inexcusable behaviour of TLV officials not cleaning the debris for about 5 hours. The really good news is that everyone on board the subsequent flights at TLV took off and landed safely despite the despicable behaviour of the TLV officials.