Ya gotta love armchair quarterbacks...
The report was filed as sub damage
Who determined that it was substantial damage - AA has no mechanics at CLT. The pilots? Since when are they trained or qualified to make that determination? Contract maintenance? If so, how long did it take for them to show up at the aircraft, inspect it, make the determination that it was substantial damage and notify AA?
four hours is not immediate.
I guess the pilots are supposed to pick up the phone (everyone knows that cockpits have a hotline direct to the NTSB, right?) and notify the NTSB as they're taxiing to the terminal - or would that be too much of a delay. Maybe they should have called the NTSB while they were slowing down to exit the runway? That would be more immediate. Or maybe during the runway excursion - "You take control and get it back on the runway, I've got to call the NTSB" - can't get much more immediate than that?
Here's what happens in the real world, as opposed to the fantasy land of sterile rules and literal interpretations, is this. Since the plane was able to move under it's own power, they parked at the gate, got the passengers off, shut the plane down for the overnight if the plane was overnighting. Then one/both pilots would have done a walk-around to see what if anything appeared damaged. Now it's at least 20 after parking at the gate. They would call their dispatcher and give a verbal report of what happened. The dispatcher would relay the needed info to the maintenance representative for that type plane, also in SCC. The maintenance guy/gal would contact whoever provides contract maintenance at CLT - here's where the alternatives start
If it's US Airways (they have a hub in CLT) their maintenance people in US' OCC (same as AA's SCC) would be contacted. US' OCC maintenance rep would contact the maintenance supervisor in CLT. We're now probably somewhere between 40 minutes and an hour after gate arrival. The US maintenance supervisor in CLT would look at the US workload and decide who would check the AA plane and when - someone could be sent right away or it could be an hour or longer before a mechanic actually showed up at AA's ops.
If contract maintenance was provided by an FBO, the FBO would be contacted. Since it was after hours for FBO maintenance, the FBO would have to get hold of one of their mechanics, have them come back to the FBO (gotta get their toolbox), and then go to AA's CLT ops. In this case it could be anywhere from 30 minutes to a couple of hours before a mechanic showed up at the plane.
If contract maintenance was provided by an independent contractor (mechanic), AA's SCC people would call him/her. They could be having dinner out with their family, at the movie, doing Christmas shopping, whatever. The mechanic would have to go home if not already there, change clothes, and drive to the airport. Again, it could take up to 2 hours or more for the mechanic to show up at the airport.
Whichever, the first thing the mechanic would do is check in with AA's ops people in CLT, go to the plane, check the logbook, and call AA's SCC maintenance people. Then he/her would inspect the plane and again call AA's folks to tell them what he observed. At this point, it could be that substantial damage was known or AA's SCC folks might ask for closer inspection of items (wing tip, gear, etc). At any rate, it could be several hours before the determination that substantial damage had been done was made and that a report to the NTSB was necessary.
So the question arises - does "immediately" refer to the time the mishap happened or to the time that the amount of damage was determined? Is it even possible to report an accident before it's been determined that there's been an accident as defined by the regulations - I can envision that conversation. "NTSB, this is Joe Blow at AA's SCC. We've had an airplane accident." "Joe, was anyone hurt?" "Well, I don't think so." "How badly was the airplane damaged?" "I don't know - it ran off the side of the runway, but returned to the runway and taxiied to the gate." "So you don't know how bad the damage was?" "No, our contract maintence hasn't showed up yet - I was going to call them after talking to you." "Tell you what, Joe - give me a call when you know how bad the damage was."
Jim