Interesting article, but the author lacks historical perspective:
Also, implicit in todays popular narrative is that Americans compensation structure was well out of line with the rest of the industry. But if true, it seems American would have attracted higher quality employees; something that frequent flyers would question for the airlines on-time record alone.
First, AA already had (and still has) high quality employees. The quote above makes it appear that he hasn't been paying attention for the past 10 years. While high wages will eventually attract higher quality employees, it's not like AA raised its wages far ahead of the competition - instead, the competition lowered theirs in bankruptcy. AA hasn't hired very many employees off the street in the past decade, so its higher wages could not have attracted higher quality employees.
Another gem:
And with stock prices most useful as discounting data for the future, if bankruptcy for American was inevitable, this would have been priced into its shares long ago.
In 2003, when management was threatening to file Ch 11 unless the concessions were approved, bankruptcy was built into the stock price: the stock price was less than $3/sh for most of 2003 prior to May 1 and hit a low of $1.25/sh during that span. When the concessions were deemed approved, the stock price exploded and continued to climb as Arpey's aversion to Ch 11 became well-known. In January, 2007, AA was profitable and the stock hit $41/sh. Then fuel prices exploded for 18 months, culminating in $4/gal jet fuel and $147/bbl oil in July-August 2008. Along with the fuel price spike, the global economy melted down and AA's four-year string of losses began.
Yes, fuel prices were a contributing factor, but the sad fact is that the bankrupt airlines lowered their wage expenses far below those of AA. One of Arpey's failures was thinking that wages at those formerly bankrupt airlines would quickly recover - and he was wrong. AA found itself as the high-labor cost airline with an aging fleet and lots of debt. After DL and NW lowered their costs in bankruptcy, it was only a matter of time until AA found itself in bankruptcy.
AA's bankruptcy has many causes, including high wage expenses (due to bankruptcies at its competitors) and very high fuel prices. Fuel prices hurt all, but the greater costs cuts at the bankrupt competitors allowed them to survive the the price increases and to become profitable over the past couple of years, aided by better-than-AA revenue improvements.