I haven’t the foggiest notion but there is an interesting parallel between the TWA case and the Addington litigation. USAPA contends that there was no showing of bad faith as defined by applicable case law. That case law from Humphrey v. Moore in the Supreme Court requires a showing of “substantial evidence of fraud, deceitful action of dishonest conduct.”
Google that phrase in quotes and you will see many hits all relating to the DFR context. I have seen the instructions to the jury in the TWA case, and those instructions did not contain that specific phrase. If I were an ALPA lawyer I would jump all over that. The standard of bad faith is clear and the jury should have been instructed that the included phrase from Humphrey v. Moore was they standard they were to hold ALPA to. It didn’t happen, at least in the jury instructions. The judge didn’t cover that.
So, it may be that ALPA will use this lack of definition of bad faith as the basis of an appeal. Interestingly enough if they succeed it vindicates USAPA on a merit basis. There was no finding in Addington of “substantial evidence of fraud, deceitful action, or dishonest conduct.”