WorldTraveler
Corn Field
- Dec 5, 2003
- 21,709
- 10,662
- Banned
- #16
This is a good, level headed discussion. 767, Please don’t apologize for sharing your well conceived thoughts. Here goes another lengthy post.
I don’t agree that WN controls the industry. They have the financial stability to move where and when they want in the industry but the industry is far too fragmented for any carrier to control the industry.
Here are a few trends I see developing followed by some of my specific expectations of what will happen to some of the key carriers in the industry:
- There will be failures among the legacy carrier ranks (see below). The industry has been artificially protected from evolving to where it needs to go for 25 years; the government is no longer willing to stop or protect consolidation or failures. The only consideration the US government will give to merger and acquisition activity is whether a combined carrier would hold excessive control in a particular market (which is why the UA-US merger was stopped and why the only parts of UA that AA could acquire would be their Pacific routes since AA duplicates UA on the other limited access parts of its network such as ORD, Latin America, LHR).
- There may be some consolidating among LCCs but I’m not sure it will be significant. Culture is much more important for the LCCs and their culture is all very different from each other and from the legacies.
- Hubs will become less important insomuch as duplicate connecting capacity can be eliminated. DL’s closing of DFW as a hub and reallocating that capacity to its other hubs accomplishes that as did AA’s downsizing of STL. US will lose key network flows by closing PIT so is not going to benefit as AA and DL does although they are clearly counting on the UA codeshare to help them cover that capacity. Hubs will continue to be necessary in order to serve markets that will never support point to point flying, including many international markets.
- There will be more point to point flying, including with RJs. This not only will give the legacy carriers a place to move some of their excess capacity but will help to head off further LCC growth.
- LCC growth will be stymied by those legacies that turn themselves around and are in a position to defend their own markets. LCC costs will rise as they take on additional fleet types and have employees who demand pay proportional to the company’s prosperities.
- Overall airline compensation will shrink but a greater percentage of it will come from “at risk†sources such as profit sharing and other performance based compensation. The legacies are in an ideal position to force these kinds of changes and will change the compensation models to look more like the LCCs. It is not a surprise that the reason the LCCs do better financially is because their employees have a reason to ensure the company’s survival.
- Some of the LCCs will venture into international markets but there will not be huge successes. As legacy costs come down, LCCs will have few advantages since the cost advantage drops as flights get longer. International airports do not have the excess capacity that is needed to accommodate stimulated traffic volumes.
- Although they will grow their international systems, at least a couple legacies will have large domestic operations. It is impossible to support international routes without domestic feed and a large base over which international costs and equipment can be spread.
- Domestic alliances are short-lived efforts to grow from a marketing standpoint but will never deliver the reductions in redundant capacity (esp. between hubs) and costs (every airline still has a headquarters and all the associated costs) that is necessary for the legacy carriers to turn themselves around. Further, domestic alliances do not allow for revenue growth but win only on the basis of the biggest alliance and the biggest carrier within that alliance will see some revenue growth.
AA – AA will be one of 2 or 3 legacy carriers with a worldwide and large domestic route system. Their employees may be in for another round of cuts based on what DL is likely to get in cost cuts and UA’s ability to dump pensions. AA is exactly where DL was 2 years ago – flush with cash which gives labor very little reason to sacrifice anything. AA has some major markets (DFW and MIA) still very vulnerable to LCC invasion which will require cost cuts to support the eroded revenue. Although AA could acquire US or UA assets (Pacific only, DEN maybe), they are probably the only carrier that doesn’t need to do so and probably would be very hesitant to do so unless they are willing to give up the progress made so far in patching things up with labor post TWA.
AS – A valuable and well-run niche player, AS could be an attractive acquisition candidate should the industry consolidate.
B6 – B6 will continue to have a significant cost advantage but only for a couple more years as their EMBs come on line and the A320s roll off warranty and require major maintenance. They will have to look for growth opportunities beyond JFK since AA and DL appear more than willing to pull out all the stops to keep B6 in a box at JFK. While fighting B6 is costly for any airline, having AA and DL slugging it out (really against B6) will make it very hard for B6 to continue to grow as easily into new markets from JFK as they have so far.
CO – CO could easily stand on its own if it wanted to but is very stretched financially and is not likely to gain the financial cushion necessary to significantly acquire assets from other carriers should they come available. Since CO has hubs in some very large markets, it can be a profitable niche network player but will have a hard time defending its turf if significant LCC expansion occurs in its hubs (not likely in EWR due to ATC constraints). CO could be acquired but NW is the most likely candidate and that is complicated by fleet incompatibility.
DH – Independence will stay around long enough to make life very miserable for UA but may not accomplish much else. While the Airbii should create enough flow to help fill some of the RJ’s seats, there clearly is way too much capacity at IAD right now given that other carriers’ jet to jet or jet to RJ connections will be preferable for connecting traffic leaving DH to fight it out w/ UA for the local WAS market.
DL – I believe DL management will get the concessions it wants from the pilots and debtholders simply because the price all stakeholders will pay and the control the company has in bankruptcy is something no party wants to give up. Remember that this is exactly where AA was 18 months ago; I expect that DL will get the concessions it needs while standing on the steps of the courthouse while waving its bankruptcy papers in its stakeholders faces. With the cuts proposed, DL will have the lowest costs in the legacy industry and at a level low enough to service its significant debt and still have money to acquire assets. While CO was once a possibility, DL’s growth at JFK seems to rule that out. After DL completes its restructuring, I expect that DL will soon be talking with UA and its creditors about acquiring a significant portion of UA’s assets including the Pacific, California, LHR, and ORD.
F9 – F9 will learn from overextending itself and will continue to be a significant thorn in the side of whoever hubs at DEN. DIA will have to get its costs down in order to be an attractive hub for any legacy carrier, particularly when every legacy carrier has reasonable alternatives to DEN. DIA’s high costs will be a deterrent to LCC growth as well.
FL – AirTran will find competing with Delta harder based on DL’s lower costs and beefed up ATL schedule and will expand into a new hub such as DFW where they will gain nationwide coverage. They are probably also a strong candidate for a major Latin American expansion.
NW – NW is in a difficult position without a major position on either coast. NW has benefited from the lack of LCC competition in its hubs relative to what other legacies face but that luck is bound to run out. NW is apparently afraid of a showdown with labor on costs but will be very hindered by not addressing its costs – which likely will the industry’s highest after a DL restructuring. NW is well-managed and aggressive and could be an acquirer either of US assets or CO if fleet compatibility were not such a problem.
UA – While I try to respect the investment UA employees have in their employer, UA is simply doing all of the wrong things when it comes to turning itself around such as revenue is falling faster than costs, employees are being alienated through aggressive cost cutting, and an aweful lot of energy is being poured into new products with no assurance that those costs are necessary or will produce a return (Ted, PS). As such I cannot be optimistic about UA, particularly in light of UA’s inability to attract financiers interested in helping the airline get out of Chapter 11. As noted above, I see DL as the most likely acquirer based on a strong DL turnaround and the fact that DL has the least overlap with UA of any US carrier and is most needy of what UA has to offer. I don’t see foreign ownership laws being changed fast enough to help UA.
US - What can we say to the poor folks at US? I do not believe US’s most valuable assets (slots and terminal facilities) will be thrown in masse on the market to be picked apart and divided among other carriers simply because those assets represent a valuable franchise that someone will be willing to pay for – esp. if one wants to set up an east coast based airline. Unfortunately, the employees can be hired for any follow-on airline to US for a fraction of the price and without any of the legacy benefits (which is pretty much where US employees are with the current pay proposals).
WN – WN can go where it wants based on its costs and reputation but will move to the higher end of the LCC cost band based on its employees expectations of sharing in a greater portion of the company’s successes. Perhaps the least likely to venture overseas.
The airline industry will look very different from what it does today. It is naïve to think all of the legacies are doomed and all of the LCCs will prosper unabated. History and logic dictate otherwise.
I don’t agree that WN controls the industry. They have the financial stability to move where and when they want in the industry but the industry is far too fragmented for any carrier to control the industry.
Here are a few trends I see developing followed by some of my specific expectations of what will happen to some of the key carriers in the industry:
- There will be failures among the legacy carrier ranks (see below). The industry has been artificially protected from evolving to where it needs to go for 25 years; the government is no longer willing to stop or protect consolidation or failures. The only consideration the US government will give to merger and acquisition activity is whether a combined carrier would hold excessive control in a particular market (which is why the UA-US merger was stopped and why the only parts of UA that AA could acquire would be their Pacific routes since AA duplicates UA on the other limited access parts of its network such as ORD, Latin America, LHR).
- There may be some consolidating among LCCs but I’m not sure it will be significant. Culture is much more important for the LCCs and their culture is all very different from each other and from the legacies.
- Hubs will become less important insomuch as duplicate connecting capacity can be eliminated. DL’s closing of DFW as a hub and reallocating that capacity to its other hubs accomplishes that as did AA’s downsizing of STL. US will lose key network flows by closing PIT so is not going to benefit as AA and DL does although they are clearly counting on the UA codeshare to help them cover that capacity. Hubs will continue to be necessary in order to serve markets that will never support point to point flying, including many international markets.
- There will be more point to point flying, including with RJs. This not only will give the legacy carriers a place to move some of their excess capacity but will help to head off further LCC growth.
- LCC growth will be stymied by those legacies that turn themselves around and are in a position to defend their own markets. LCC costs will rise as they take on additional fleet types and have employees who demand pay proportional to the company’s prosperities.
- Overall airline compensation will shrink but a greater percentage of it will come from “at risk†sources such as profit sharing and other performance based compensation. The legacies are in an ideal position to force these kinds of changes and will change the compensation models to look more like the LCCs. It is not a surprise that the reason the LCCs do better financially is because their employees have a reason to ensure the company’s survival.
- Some of the LCCs will venture into international markets but there will not be huge successes. As legacy costs come down, LCCs will have few advantages since the cost advantage drops as flights get longer. International airports do not have the excess capacity that is needed to accommodate stimulated traffic volumes.
- Although they will grow their international systems, at least a couple legacies will have large domestic operations. It is impossible to support international routes without domestic feed and a large base over which international costs and equipment can be spread.
- Domestic alliances are short-lived efforts to grow from a marketing standpoint but will never deliver the reductions in redundant capacity (esp. between hubs) and costs (every airline still has a headquarters and all the associated costs) that is necessary for the legacy carriers to turn themselves around. Further, domestic alliances do not allow for revenue growth but win only on the basis of the biggest alliance and the biggest carrier within that alliance will see some revenue growth.
AA – AA will be one of 2 or 3 legacy carriers with a worldwide and large domestic route system. Their employees may be in for another round of cuts based on what DL is likely to get in cost cuts and UA’s ability to dump pensions. AA is exactly where DL was 2 years ago – flush with cash which gives labor very little reason to sacrifice anything. AA has some major markets (DFW and MIA) still very vulnerable to LCC invasion which will require cost cuts to support the eroded revenue. Although AA could acquire US or UA assets (Pacific only, DEN maybe), they are probably the only carrier that doesn’t need to do so and probably would be very hesitant to do so unless they are willing to give up the progress made so far in patching things up with labor post TWA.
AS – A valuable and well-run niche player, AS could be an attractive acquisition candidate should the industry consolidate.
B6 – B6 will continue to have a significant cost advantage but only for a couple more years as their EMBs come on line and the A320s roll off warranty and require major maintenance. They will have to look for growth opportunities beyond JFK since AA and DL appear more than willing to pull out all the stops to keep B6 in a box at JFK. While fighting B6 is costly for any airline, having AA and DL slugging it out (really against B6) will make it very hard for B6 to continue to grow as easily into new markets from JFK as they have so far.
CO – CO could easily stand on its own if it wanted to but is very stretched financially and is not likely to gain the financial cushion necessary to significantly acquire assets from other carriers should they come available. Since CO has hubs in some very large markets, it can be a profitable niche network player but will have a hard time defending its turf if significant LCC expansion occurs in its hubs (not likely in EWR due to ATC constraints). CO could be acquired but NW is the most likely candidate and that is complicated by fleet incompatibility.
DH – Independence will stay around long enough to make life very miserable for UA but may not accomplish much else. While the Airbii should create enough flow to help fill some of the RJ’s seats, there clearly is way too much capacity at IAD right now given that other carriers’ jet to jet or jet to RJ connections will be preferable for connecting traffic leaving DH to fight it out w/ UA for the local WAS market.
DL – I believe DL management will get the concessions it wants from the pilots and debtholders simply because the price all stakeholders will pay and the control the company has in bankruptcy is something no party wants to give up. Remember that this is exactly where AA was 18 months ago; I expect that DL will get the concessions it needs while standing on the steps of the courthouse while waving its bankruptcy papers in its stakeholders faces. With the cuts proposed, DL will have the lowest costs in the legacy industry and at a level low enough to service its significant debt and still have money to acquire assets. While CO was once a possibility, DL’s growth at JFK seems to rule that out. After DL completes its restructuring, I expect that DL will soon be talking with UA and its creditors about acquiring a significant portion of UA’s assets including the Pacific, California, LHR, and ORD.
F9 – F9 will learn from overextending itself and will continue to be a significant thorn in the side of whoever hubs at DEN. DIA will have to get its costs down in order to be an attractive hub for any legacy carrier, particularly when every legacy carrier has reasonable alternatives to DEN. DIA’s high costs will be a deterrent to LCC growth as well.
FL – AirTran will find competing with Delta harder based on DL’s lower costs and beefed up ATL schedule and will expand into a new hub such as DFW where they will gain nationwide coverage. They are probably also a strong candidate for a major Latin American expansion.
NW – NW is in a difficult position without a major position on either coast. NW has benefited from the lack of LCC competition in its hubs relative to what other legacies face but that luck is bound to run out. NW is apparently afraid of a showdown with labor on costs but will be very hindered by not addressing its costs – which likely will the industry’s highest after a DL restructuring. NW is well-managed and aggressive and could be an acquirer either of US assets or CO if fleet compatibility were not such a problem.
UA – While I try to respect the investment UA employees have in their employer, UA is simply doing all of the wrong things when it comes to turning itself around such as revenue is falling faster than costs, employees are being alienated through aggressive cost cutting, and an aweful lot of energy is being poured into new products with no assurance that those costs are necessary or will produce a return (Ted, PS). As such I cannot be optimistic about UA, particularly in light of UA’s inability to attract financiers interested in helping the airline get out of Chapter 11. As noted above, I see DL as the most likely acquirer based on a strong DL turnaround and the fact that DL has the least overlap with UA of any US carrier and is most needy of what UA has to offer. I don’t see foreign ownership laws being changed fast enough to help UA.
US - What can we say to the poor folks at US? I do not believe US’s most valuable assets (slots and terminal facilities) will be thrown in masse on the market to be picked apart and divided among other carriers simply because those assets represent a valuable franchise that someone will be willing to pay for – esp. if one wants to set up an east coast based airline. Unfortunately, the employees can be hired for any follow-on airline to US for a fraction of the price and without any of the legacy benefits (which is pretty much where US employees are with the current pay proposals).
WN – WN can go where it wants based on its costs and reputation but will move to the higher end of the LCC cost band based on its employees expectations of sharing in a greater portion of the company’s successes. Perhaps the least likely to venture overseas.
The airline industry will look very different from what it does today. It is naïve to think all of the legacies are doomed and all of the LCCs will prosper unabated. History and logic dictate otherwise.