How is Social Security a ponzi scheme?
Don't like the term Ponzi scheme? Okay, well how about just plain and simply bankrupt?
The facts are that there is no Social Security Trust Fund. Not a single dollar that is supposed to be in the account is actually there. Congress writes an IOU and then spends every last dollar paid via employee and employer paid FICA withholdings. With a $3.8 trillion budget and $2.4 trillion in total federal receipts, if the feds don't borrow money to pay the bills there will be substantial problems and risk of US defaults on all its obligations. Social Security recipients are just as much at risk of a government default as any other agency or program because the Treasury needs every penny that comes in during the month plus an additional $0.40 in debt to pay the bills. That's the big picture problem in Washington; now let's look at Social Security (remember there is no trust fund, just IOUs).
Here are some facts to seed the analysis that follows:
Total US taxpayers: 112M
Total Social Security Beneficiaries: 54M
Percent of recipients to total tax filers: 48%
Average US Household Income: $50K
Avg. taxpayer FICA contributions : $5,100 ($50k * 10.2%)
Avg. monthly FICA contribution: $425
Avg. Social Security check to retiree: $1,081
I rounded the figures above a bit, but you are free to check them out for yourself. Now some seniors have to file tax returns so they are accounted for in both groups. Nevertheless, let's assume that all 112 million tax filers pay on average pay their $5,100/yr. (includes both employer and employee portions for 2011). That comes out to $571 billion in annual payroll contributions compared with $712 billion in required Social Security payments. That represents a $141 billion shortfall just this year. The shortfall therefore needs to be paid by the income tax revenues that are already being overspent by $0.40 for ever dollar; and remember there is no Trust Fund left to fund the growing imbalance. Based on these numbers, Social Security is overspending it's receipts by 20% (collecting $0.80 for ever $1 in benefits paid).
The situation will continue to get worse based on a number of factors. First Congress continues to pass cost of living increases for beneficiaries. With an anemic economy and high unemployment, this only exacerbates the problems with underfunding the trust. Second, the Baby Boomer generation will increase the number of retirees by at least 5% which will also reduce the number of working contributors by the same factor. That's a 10% swing in the wrong direction for both the contributors and the recipients in the above data. That moves the $141 billion shortfall to a $205 billion shortfall alone. That calculates out to paying $1.27 in benefits for ever dollar collected. Third, the population in America is living longer now than at any time in our history. Life expectancy has grown from 70 years back in 1960 to almost 79 years in 2009. That means less retirees will depart from the program while more are coming into the program. Add all of this up and you have a fully insolvent program, Ponzi scheme or not.
Beyond all that. Just go back to the numbers listed above. Note that the average worker is contributing $425 in today's dollars every month while the average Social Security recipient is drawing more than twice that amount in monthly benefits. How can those ratios be maintained without a massive infusion of funds beyond payroll contributions? Remember there is no Trust Fund, so every dollar that comes in is spent the same month it is received. It's not like the average worker has thirty years worth of contributions sitting around waiting to be collected back at retirement. There is nothing there but an IOU from a government that is more irresponsible at controlling spending than any family or business could ever get away with. The whole system is broken and people refuse to look at the facts or be told the truth. Keeping our collective heads in the sand will only ensure our economic destruction. How much worse will people be hurting then than if we take steps to fix these problems now while there is still time?